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2020 Senate

Sabato's Crystal Ball

Danger Signs Abound for Sanders in Michigan — and Elsewhere

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Ahead of several delegate-rich contests this month, both national and state-level polls suggest that Joe Biden is solidifying his lead over Bernie Sanders. — Though a handful of states will be voting tomorrow, Michigan, given its significance in the 2016 primary, will be a focal point of the night — and is likely a must-win state for Sanders. — But some of Sanders’ great showings outside of Detroit from 2016 seem unlikely to repeat themselves this time. — In Montana’s Senate race, Democrats now have their best-possible recruit, in Gov. Steve Bullock. We still see Sen. Steve Daines (R-MT) as a favorite but are moving this race from Likely Republican to Leans Republican. Table 1: Crystal Ball Senate rating change Senator Old Rating New Rating Steve Daines (R-MT) Likely Republican Leans Republican Primary update: Sanders needs another Michigan miracle, and more The wave that Joe Biden rode to a surprisingly strong Super Tuesday is showing no signs of abating. Just to put in perspective what a strong position Biden now finds himself in, CNN and Quinnipiac University released fresh national polling today finding Biden up 16 and 19 points, respectively, on Bernie Sanders. As

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Texas: Welcome to the Rodeo

Dear Readers: We’re pleased to welcome two young analysts for their Crystal Ball debuts today as we publish a bonus issue that provides an additional preview of Super Tuesday (we also looked at the battlefield yesterday). First, Katherine Clement breaks down the Texas primary, and then Niles Francis assesses two major down-ballot races today: the Alabama Senate primary and the first round of voting for the CA-25 House special election. Obviously, Super Tuesday is in a good deal of flux following the exits of Amy Klobuchar and Pete Buttigieg from the race and their last-minute endorsements of Joe Biden. We’ll be back following Super Tuesday to survey what happened and to look ahead to the crucial upcoming contests the next two Tuesdays. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Texas, a traditionally Republican state that is becoming more competitive, is a vital prize on Super Tuesday. — While much of the vote has been cast, much remains, and the narrowed field adds further uncertainty to an already-close race. — The big urban areas may tell the tale. — Down the ballot, the Democratic Senate field lacks Beto O’Rourke’s sizzle as a runoff looms. — Two veteran House incumbents

Katherine Clement

Super Tuesday Down the Ballot: AL-SEN & CA-25

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — In Alabama, the three-way Republican primary for Senate will be one of Super Tuesday’s marquee primaries; former Attorney General Jeff Sessions and former Auburn football coach Tommy Tuberville are polling competitively, though Rep Bradley Byrne (R, AL-1) is also a serious candidate. — Regardless of the primary outcome, Sen. Doug Jones (D-AL) faces an uphill reelection race — aside from the other Republicans, his flawed 2017 opponent, Roy Moore (R), is running again, but is unlikely to get the nomination. — We continue to see the special election in the Los Angeles-area CA-25 as Leans Democratic. It’s unlikely a single candidate wins outright on Tuesday, so a runoff will likely ensure on May 12. Trump Looms Large in Alabama GOP Senate Primary Sen. Doug Jones (D-AL), who shocked the nation by defeating beleaguered Republican Roy Moore in a 2017 special election, hopes to defy the odds once again by winning a full six-year term in deep red Alabama. Jones is no newbie in Washington. He used to work as a staff counsel for Sen. Howell Heflin (D-AL), whose Senate seat he now occupies. Working as a a federal prosecutor in the 1990s, Jones’ two

Niles Francis

The Sanders Tax

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — If Democrats nominated Bernie Sanders, they would, initially, start off with somewhat of a penalty in our Electoral College ratings. — Sanders’ policy prescriptions and rhetoric may complicate Democratic prospects in the Sun Belt, where the party’s recent growth has been driven by highly-educated suburbanites. — Given the composition of the 2020 Senate map, which features more Sun Belt states, Sanders’ relative strength in the Rust Belt — assuming that even ends up being the case — nonetheless doesn’t help Democrats much in the race for the Senate. The Sanders path might be a narrower one Almost exactly a year ago, we debuted our first ratings of the 2020 Electoral College. Those ratings were based on Donald Trump as the Republican nominee and an unknown Democratic candidate. Since we rolled out these ratings, we’ve tweaked them only mildly. Our current ratings are shown in Map 1. Map 1: Crystal Ball Electoral College ratings These ratings reflect a general election in which neither side is clearly favored over the other. But as Bernie Sanders has ascended to the top of the Democratic pack, and as party elites are starting to sound the alarm about Sanders’

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Sanders and the Senate

Dear Readers: Tomorrow (Friday, Feb. 21), the University of Virginia Center for Politics will be hosting a conversation between former Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and Center for Politics Director Larry J. Sabato on the Grounds of UVA from 12:30 p.m. to 2 p.m. While registration for the event is full, we will be livestreaming it at https://livestream.com/tavco/PaulRyan. KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Bernie Sanders may be a poorer fit for the Democrats’ Senate targets than some other Democratic contenders if he wins the nomination. — There are two Senate rating changes this week: Colorado moves from Toss-up to Leans Democratic, while Alabama moves from Leans Republican to Likely Republican. — Republicans remain favored to hold the majority. Table 1: Crystal Ball Senate rating changes Senator Old Rating New Rating Doug Jones (D-AL) Leans Republican Likely Republican Cory Gardner (R-CO) Toss-up Leans Democratic Sanders, the Senate, and the Sun Belt Bernie Sanders’ ascendancy to a soft frontrunning position in the still-uncertain Democratic presidential primary has led many to wonder not just about his general election odds against Donald Trump, but also whether he would be a good “running mate” for Democrats in the most important Senate races. Generally

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Trump Not Immune to the Usual Down-Ballot Presidential Penalty

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — After just three years in the White House, Donald Trump is seeing a significant erosion of down-ballot seats held by his party. — This erosion puts Trump in good company — at least since World War II, presidents typically experience at least some erosion across his party’s numbers of U.S. Senate, U.S. House, gubernatorial, and state legislative seats. — The best news for Trump and Republicans is that they have held their own in the category of races that is arguably most politically important: the Senate. The down-ballot White House blues On Monday, President Donald Trump began his fourth year in office. His presidency has been unique in many ways, but he’s been like other presidents in at least one respect: His party has generally lost ground down the ballot since he took office. In recent decades, presidents have typically seen an erosion of their party’s seats in the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, the governorships, and the state legislatures. In fact, to one degree or another, every post-World War II two-term president has bled seats in these categories, and so have the two-term, same-party combinations of John F. Kennedy-Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon-Gerald

Louis Jacobson

Ratings Changes: Senate, House, and Governor

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The Kansas Senate race is getting a lot of national buzz, but we still see the GOP as clearly favored to hold the seat. — The chances of Republicans springing Senate upsets in New Hampshire and Virginia appear to be growing dimmer. — Gov. Gavin Newsom’s (D-CA) decision not to hold a special election for CA-50 makes it likelier for Republicans to hold the seat. — Vermont is a sleeper Democratic gubernatorial target. Table 1: Senate ratings changes Senator Old Rating New Rating Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) Leans Democratic Likely Democratic Mark Warner (D-VA) Likely Democratic Safe Democratic Table 2: Governor ratings change Governor Old Rating New Rating Phil Scott (R-VT) Likely Republican Leans Republican Table 3: House ratings change Member/District Old Rating New Rating CA-50 Vacant (Hunter, R) Likely Republican Safe Republican Senate: A word of caution on Kansas We have two ratings changes this week, upgrading the odds of Democratic incumbents in New Hampshire and Virginia. But perhaps the more interesting item to discuss is a rating that we’re not changing, in Kansas. Despite the threat to Republican fortunes there presented by 2018 gubernatorial nominee Kris Kobach (R), we’re sticking with a Likely

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Markey vs. Kennedy: Welcome to the most unusual Senate primary in decades

KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) is facing a strong primary challenge from Rep. Joe Kennedy III (D, MA-4) in 2020. While challenges to entrenched incumbent senators aren’t an everyday occurrence, the Markey-Kennedy race is especially unusual in recent Senate history — Most senators who attract primary challenges are weakened in some way — they face questions about their advanced age, their party loyalty, or a brush with scandal — or else face a challenge on ideological grounds. Yet none of these factors fit the Markey-Kennedy contest. — Over the past three decades, even the top-performing primary challengers had a no better than one-in-nine chance of ending up in the Senate. Yet at this point, Kennedy — bucking history — seems like a modest favorite in the race. Markey-Kennedy: A unique primary battle Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) will be facing the fight of his political life this year. He’s being challenged in the Democratic primary by Rep. Joe Kennedy III (D, MA-4), scion of the legendary political family. The clash of Massachusetts political titans was sure to generate public and media interest regardless. But it’s worth pondering just how unusual Kennedy’s primary challenge is. Markey has

Louis Jacobson

2019: The Year of Stability

Dear Readers: The Crystal Ball will be away for the holidays next week. Our next issue will come out on Thursday, Jan. 2. We wish all of our readers Happy Holidays. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Impeachment is an unusual occurrence marked by usual partisanship. It is hard to argue that it has dramatically altered perceptions of the president. — Overall, our outlook for the races for president and for Congress are pretty similar to what they were at the start of the year. Impeachment, and a year in review The House of Representatives made history Wednesday, impeaching a president for just the third time. It made for an occasion that was both momentous and monotonous. Momentous in that Donald J. Trump appears likely to be the first impeached president who will nonetheless appear on general election ballots after that happened, creating a truly unprecedented American political situation, and monotonous in that a predictable, almost entirely party-line vote sets up a Senate trial where the result (acquittal) seems preordained. In other words, the specific circumstances of impeachment and what led to it are remarkable, but the reaction by the nation’s political actors is routine. This is,

Kyle Kondik

Up-Ballot Effects: Expanding the Electoral College Battleground

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — A presidential campaign strategy narrowly focused on Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan might work for the Electoral College but could hurt a candidate’s party in down-ballot Senate and House races. — Senate and House battlegrounds are scattered across the Rust Belt and Sun Belt, which could incentivize presidential candidates to compete in states that they otherwise may have overlooked. — Both presidential campaigns will have plenty of money, allowing them to invest in lower priority states with the dual purpose of trying to win longshot Electoral College votes and helping Senate and House candidates down-ballot. — To help their respective parties down-ballot, presidential campaigns will need to appeal to a broad demographic of voters including white non-college voters in the Rust Belt and diverse, college-educated voters in the Sun Belt and suburban House districts across the country. Overlapping elections in the Electoral College, Senate, and House The 2020 Senate and House elections will determine the future president’s ability to implement his or her agenda. Losing either chamber would hamstring a president, allowing the opposition to obstruct legislation, oversee the executive branch, and, in the case of the Senate, stall executive and judicial appointments. Given these

Seth Moskowitz

The Senate: Ratings Changes and the Shadow of Impeachment

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Nationalization is an increasingly important trend in American election outcomes. It’s hard to think of a more nationalizing issue than a presidential impeachment. — Vulnerable members on both sides in the Senate will have a lot to consider if and when they have to cast a vote on convicting President Trump in a potential Senate impeachment trial. — There are two Senate ratings changes this week, one benefiting each side. The most vulnerable senator, Sen. Doug Jones (D-AL), moves from Toss-up to Leans Republican, while Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC) moves from Leans Republican to Toss-up. Table 1: Crystal Ball Senate ratings changes Senator Old Rating New Rating Doug Jones (D-AL) Toss-up Leans Republican Thom Tillis (R-NC) Leans Republican Toss-up Map 1: Crystal Ball Senate ratings Ratings changes and impeachment A major overall theme in American political life is the nationalization of politics. How people feel about the president is bleeding down the ballot to an extreme degree, to the point where congressional expert Gary Jacobson observed that the 2018 midterm was “the most sweeping national referendum on any administration at least since the Great Depression.” This helps explain the 2018 results, when Democrats swept

Kyle Kondik

Notes on the State of Politics

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The Democratic primary race has been very stable, with the biggest exception being Elizabeth Warren’s rise to become one of the clear frontrunners. — Donald Trump is attracting primary challengers, but his standing within the GOP remains strong. — Sen. Johnny Isakson’s (R-GA) pending resignation expands the Senate playing field next year. — Rep. Sean Duffy’s (R, WI-7) pending resignation sets up another House special election on Republican-leaning turf. The GOP remains favored to hold the district. The Rise of Warren Earlier this week, a new Monmouth University poll sent a shockwave through social media by reporting a three-way tie atop the Democratic presidential heap, with former Vice President Joe Biden, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), and Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) all effectively tied at about 20% support apiece. Regular readers can probably predict our reaction, which was essentially this — don’t jump to conclusions based on a single poll. Sure enough, on Wednesday morning, two other national polls, from Quinnipiac University and USA Today/Suffolk University, conformed much more to previous polls, with Biden clearly leading the other candidates and garnering a little over 30% of the vote. That’s essentially what the polls have shown

Kyle Kondik

The End of the Filibuster May Loom

  Dear Readers: We’re pleased to offer a piece this week from Hunter Brown, an outstanding Center for Politics intern, on a topic of great importance: the Senate filibuster. Hunter finds that neither Democrats nor Republicans have much of a practical, short-term path to a 60-vote, filibuster-proof Senate majority. That may incentivize the next party that wins dual control of Congress and the White House to eliminate the filibuster in order to pass major legislation — something that several Democratic presidential contenders are already proposing.— The Editors   KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — With the exception of a brief stint in 2009-2010 enabled by a string of improbable Democratic victories, no party has commanded a filibuster-proof majority in the Senate since the 1970s. — Given the current partisan composition of the states, it seems nearly impossible for either party to gain 60 seats for the foreseeable future. — The Republicans, absent any major proposals needing 60 votes, lacked an incentive to end the filibuster in 2017. The Democrats, in contrast, have several such proposals heading into 2020. Is the end of the filibuster near? With hopes of winning full control of Washington in the 2020 election, Democrats have proposed

Hunter Brown

The 2020 Congressional Elections: A Very Early Forecast

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — A forecasting model based on postwar electoral history along with the president’s approval rating and the House generic ballot points to Democratic gains next fall. — The model’s projection won’t be finalized until late next summer and will be based on whatever the president’s approval and the House generic ballot polling is at that time. — The Republicans enjoy some advantages on both the House and Senate map that might allow them to overperform whatever the model’s final projection is. Forecasting 2020’s Race for Congress With more than 20 Democrats vying for their party’s 2020 presidential nomination, it is understandable that the nation’s attention has been focused in recent months on which candidate will emerge from next year’s primaries to challenge President Donald Trump in November 2020. But no matter whom the Democrats nominate and no matter who wins the general election, the ability of the next president to carry out his or her policy agenda will depend on which party controls the House of Representatives and Senate in 2021. Even if President Trump is reelected, a Democratic House would probably continue to aggressively pursue investigations into allegations of misconduct by the president and

Alan I. Abramowitz

Notes on the State of Politics

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Ross Perot, who died earlier this week, provided something of a template for Donald Trump. He also was the best-performing third-party presidential candidate since Teddy Roosevelt in 1912. — They are not top-tier races, but there have been noteworthy Senate developments on the outer fringes of the competitive map in Kansas, Kentucky, and Virginia. — Justin Amash’s decision to leave the GOP creates another House swing seat. Ross Perot, political prophet There is a great quote from George McGovern, the 1972 Democratic presidential nominee and South Dakota senator: “You know, sometimes, when they say you’re ahead of your time, it’s just a polite way of saying you have a real bad sense of timing.” Given how American politics has developed over the past half-century, that may be a fitting way to look at businessman Ross Perot, who died Tuesday at the age of 89. Perot ran two of the most credible third-party presidential bids in American history, garnering 19% of the vote in 1992 and a still-impressive 8% in 1996. Despite his showing, he didn’t win any electoral votes, confirmation of how the Electoral College helps perpetuate the nation’s two-party duopoly. Nonetheless, the themes

Larry J. Sabato and Kyle Kondik