Skip links

2022 House

Sabato's Crystal Ball

Lessons from the Past: What 1978 and 1982 Tell Us About 2022

Dear Readers: Tomorrow (Friday, Sept. 23) from noon to 1:30 p.m., the Center for Politics will honor the service of U.S. Capitol Police Officers and D.C. Metropolitan Police Officers who defended the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 with the presentation of the Center’s first annual “Defender of Democracy” awards. This year’s inaugural award recipients will be Private First Class Harry A. Dunn, Officer Caroline Edwards, Officer Michael Fanone, Sergeant Aquilino Gonell, Private First Class Eugene Goodman, Officer Daniel Hodges, Private First Class Howard Liebengood (posthumously), Officer Jeffrey Smith (posthumously) and Private First Class Brian Sicknick (posthumously). An awards ceremony will take place in the Rotunda Dome Room at 12 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 23. Following the ceremony, the officers and widows of the fallen officers will participate in a special panel discussion about the events of Jan. 6, 2021. Doors open at 11:45 a.m. The event is free and open to the public with advanced registration (limited seating remains). The event will also be livestreamed here. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Indications in recent months have pointed to a somewhat mixed midterm result, as opposed to an out-and-out Republican wave, which appeared likelier several months

Kyle Kondik

The Seats-in-Trouble Forecasts of the 2022 Midterm Congressional Elections

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — This article updates and applies the seats-in-trouble congressional election forecasting equations to the 2022 midterm elections. — The goal is to use micro level (congressional district and state) competitiveness assessments in combination with their electoral history to statistically generate an accurate prediction of the election’s national outcome. — The seats-in-trouble forecasts for the 2022 midterms are losses for the Democrats of 42 seats in the House of Representatives and 1 seat in the Senate. The seats-in-trouble forecasts With Americans bitterly polarized, the parties within a few seats of each other in the House, and the Senate evenly split, the 2022 midterm election is already one of the most contentious in American history. Across the ideological spectrum, Americans nervously await November’s collective verdict. This article attempts to provide some insight into what that verdict will be with the hope that it can be anticipated and more calmly accepted. Okay, you are right, that is not going to happen — but we can hope. The basis for insight into the midterm is the seats-in-trouble congressional forecasting equations, a pair of hybrid statistical models predicting national party seat change in House and Senate elections. They are “hybrid”

James E. Campbell

Forecasting 2022 Using the Fundamentals: The Structural and Structure X Models

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — A congressional forecasting model using political and economic fundamentals suggests that Republicans are favored to flip both the House and the Senate. — A modified version of the model that also incorporates expert analysis also suggests that Republicans are favored in both chambers, but by less than the model that does not incorporate such analysis. Two different 2022 House/Senate models In order to forecast the 2022 congressional elections, we first draw on our structural model, which we have regularly used to generate before-the-fact forecasts in past midterm contests, namely 2018, 2014, and 2010. The model bases itself on political and economic fundamentals and receives formulation in a political economy equation. For the House, it begins with the classic theory of Edward Tufte, who argued midterms stand as a referendum on the president and the incumbent party. Midterm voters are assumed to judge the president’s actions on key economic and key non-economic issues assessed on aggregate-level data. While these models are appearing in the Crystal Ball around Labor Day, the actual predictions (both for this year and previous years) are based on indicators from earlier in the summer, meaning that these projections are made several

Charles Tien and Michael S. Lewis-Beck

Notes on the State of Politics: Sept. 7, 2022

Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes District Old Rating New Rating Mary Peltola (D, AK-AL) Safe Republican Toss-up MI-3 Open (Meijer, R) Toss-up Leans Democratic Kim Schrier (D, WA-8) Toss-up Leans Democratic Table 2: Crystal Ball Gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating MA Open (Baker, R) Likely Democratic Safe Democratic What’s going on in the House? With the football season getting underway and the political season producing some strange outcomes — a Democrat won a House race in Alaska, huh? — we are reminded of the famous clip of Green Bay Packers coach Vince Lombardi: “What the hell’s going on out here?” Rep.-elect Mary Peltola’s (D, AK-AL) victory in Alaska’s ranked-choice special House election, which was finalized last week after an Aug. 16 election, has contributed to a fog of war that has descended over the House battlefield. The basics are still bad for Democrats: President Joe Biden’s (D) approval rating, perhaps the best catch-all of the political environment, is still stuck in the low 40s, albeit after having improved from the

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Notes on the State of Politics: August 24, 2022

  Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. We are making a few rating changes today, including in a pair of upstate New York House races after Democrats scored an impressive victory in a closely-watched swing district special election, NY-19. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes Member Old Rating New Rating Pat Ryan (D, NY-18) Toss-up Leans Democratic NY-19 Open (No inc.) Leans Republican Toss-up Table 2: Crystal Ball Senate rating change Senator Old Rating New Rating OH Open (Portman, R) Likely Republican Leans Republican Rating changes in New York following specials Democrats turned in another pair of congressional special election overperformances last night, giving them an at least somewhat surprising victory in the closely-watched NY-19 special and a decent showing in the much sleepier NY-23 special, which Republicans held by a smaller margin than the GOP presidential showing in the district in 2020. In NY-19, a classic swing district that Joe Biden won by about 1.5 points in 2020, Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan (D) beat Dutchess County Executive Marc Molinaro (R) by a small margin. Some sites were reporting 51%-49%

Kyle Kondik

House Rating Changes: More Movement Toward Republicans

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — We are making 10 House rating changes, 9 of which benefit Republicans. — Our overall best guess at the net change in the House — a GOP gain somewhere in the 20s — remains unchanged. — We don’t see a huge impact, so far, from the Supreme Court’s landmark abortion opinion. Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes Member/District Old Rating New Rating CO-7 Open (Perlmutter, D) Likely Democratic Leans Democratic CO-8 Open (No inc.) Toss-up Leans Republican Jahana Hayes (D, CT-5) Likely Democratic Leans Democratic Carlos Giménez (R, FL-28) Likely Republican Safe Republican FL-4 Open (No inc.) Likely Republican Safe Republican FL-7 Open (Murphy, D) Likely Republican Safe Republican Sanford Bishop (D, GA-2) Leans Democratic Likely Democratic Frank Mrvan (D, IN-1) Leans Democratic Toss-up NC-13 Open (No inc.) Toss-up Leans Republican Bryan Steil (R, WI-1) Likely Republican Safe Republican The race for the House It has been roughly a month since the U.S. Supreme Court’s Dobbs vs. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision, which overruled past Supreme Court decisions recognizing a constitutional right to abortion. The decision has perhaps made some difference in the electoral environment, although likely only at the margins. House generic

Kyle Kondik

Notes on the State of the Primaries: June 29, 2022

Dear Readers: Last night saw primaries and runoffs in several states across the country, as well as a special election in Nebraska. This was the last big primary night of a busy June. Looking ahead, July will not feature much primary action, although there will be some key contests in early August. This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. We’ll be back next week, following Independence Day. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating JB Pritzker (D-IL) Likely Democratic Safe Democratic Table 2: Crystal Ball House rating change Member/District Old Rating New Rating RI-2 Open (Langevin, D) Likely Democratic Leans Democratic RI-2 to Leans Democratic Before we get to our takeaways from yesterday’s primaries, a quick pit stop in the Ocean State is in order. We wrote extensively on Monday about the Supreme Court’s Dobbs ruling ending a constitutional right to abortion. Perhaps the ruling will have a significant bearing on the midterm, or perhaps not — we need to wait for more data. In the meantime, though, we have to continue evaluating the races based on what we know

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Politics in the Post-Roe World

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The president’s party often struggles in midterms, although extraordinary circumstances can save them from losses. The Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe vs. Wade could be 2022’s extraordinary circumstance. — Beyond abortion, Republicans still retain powerful political advantages. — Democrats could get their version of 2018’s “Kavanaugh Effect.” — 2022 won’t definitively resolve the abortion question. The midterm after Dobbs The ordinary outcome in midterm elections is that the president’s party loses ground, almost always in the House and often in the Senate and the statehouses as well. Of the 40 midterms held since the Civil War, the president’s party has lost ground in the House in 37 of them. The 3 exceptions show that in order to buck the ordinary midterm trend, the president’s party needs to benefit from some sort of extraordinary occurrence. In 1934, Franklin Roosevelt’s immense popularity as he fought the Great Depression helped Democrats make a small gain in the House and a big gain in the Senate. In 1998, a roaring economy contributed to Bill Clinton’s popularity, and Republicans likely overplayed their hand on their pursuit of Clinton’s impeachment over the fallout around his affair with a White House

Kyle Kondik

Notes on the State of Politics: June 22, 2022

Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. Barring an unexpected development, this is going to be the only issue of the Crystal Ball this week. We’ll be back next week with a reaction to next Tuesday’s primaries. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes Member/District Old Rating New Rating AK-AL Special (No inc.) Likely Republican Safe Republican Michelle Steel (R, CA-45) Toss-up Leans Republican Jennifer Wexton (D, VA-10) Safe Democratic Likely Democratic About last night’s primaries Tuesday night featured a smattering of races in 4 southern states: Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas, and Georgia. Matchups were set for a pair of high-profile House races in our home state. State Sen. Jen Kiggans (R) will face Rep. Elaine Luria (D, VA-2) in a Hampton Roads-based seat, while Prince William County Supervisor Yesli Vega (R) won a competitive primary for the right to challenge Rep. Abigail Spanberger (D, VA-7). The Crystal Ball rates the former a Toss-up and the latter Leans Democratic. Democrats were hoping that a far-right Republican, Jarome Bell, would beat Kiggans, and some even tried to help make that happen. But Kiggans, a

Kyle Kondik

How the House Landscape Changed

  KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The new House landscape is fairly similar to the old one. — However, there is a notable increase in the number of super-safe Republican seats — and a modest decline in the overall number of competitive districts. — New Hampshire, the final state to complete redistricting, kept its old map basically intact, which means the state should feature a couple of competitive races. — Now that redistricting appears to be complete for 2022, we have brought back our traditional House rating tables, which are available at the bottom of this article and at our Crystal Ball House page. The new House landscape At long last, the 2022 U.S. House map is complete (we think — more on this below). So it’s a good time to take stock. The following analysis is based on numbers from Daily Kos Elections (for the old maps in place during the 2020 election) and Dave’s Redistricting App (for the new maps set to be in place for 2022). Overall, Joe Biden won 226 of the new districts, while Donald Trump won 209. That is slightly up from the old map, which was 224-211 Biden. However, the overall map

Kyle Kondik

Redistricting: The Overall Picture, Plus a Look at NY and MO

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — With the national House map nearly complete, it appears that the overall map still leans toward Republicans. — However, this GOP bias is not nearly as strong as it was a decade ago. — We rate and analyze the new Missouri and New York congressional maps. The House map: A small GOP bias The book is nearly closed on the decennial redistricting process. And by at least one metric, the new House landscape is very much like the old landscape: It tilts toward Republicans. Following the release of a state court-imposed map in New York state over the weekend, every state now has a map in place but New Hampshire, which has just 2 congressional districts. One way to assess the overall lean of the House is to look at all 435 districts and sort them from the most Republican to the most Democratic at the presidential level. The district smack dab in the middle of the range is the median district. On the current maps — the maps that were in place for the 2020 House election — the median district was the one held by Rep. Lauren Underwood (D, IL-14). Joe Biden

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Rating Change: GA-GOV to Leans Republican Following Kemp’s Smashing Primary Win

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Gov. Brian Kemp (R-GA) shellacked Donald Trump-backed former Sen. David Perdue (R-GA) in the Georgia Republican primary on Tuesday, and we are moving the general election race from Toss-up to Leans Republican. — The sheer size of Kemp’s win paired with Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger’s (R-GA) renomination represents the biggest Republican electoral rebuke to Trump since he left the White House. — Blue Dog Rep. Henry Cuellar (D, TX-28) held a tiny lead over progressive Jessica Cisneros (D) in a closely-watched South Texas runoff. Table 1: Crystal Ball gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating Brian Kemp (R-GA) Toss-up Leans Republican Trump rebuked in Georgia Asked about his weak polling in advance of his primary challenge to Gov. Brian Kemp (R-GA), former Sen. David Perdue (R-GA) said that he might lose, “but I can damn guarantee you that we are not down 30 points.” Quite right. He was down by a lot more than that. Kemp crushed Perdue 74%-22% in the Georgia gubernatorial primary on Tuesday night. The incumbent actually did better in this primary (73.7%) than he did in his 2018 Republican primary runoff (69.5%), meaning he did better with former

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

The Kinds of Seats that Flip in Midterms

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — While increasingly salient issues like abortion could change the political environment, Republicans still appear on track for a strong showing in the U.S. House. — Recent midterms have hollowed out the presidential party’s holdings of districts where the president either did the same or worse than he did nationally — or only a little better. — Republicans likely will have trouble winning districts where Joe Biden won more than 55% of the vote, but that still leaves them dozens of Democratic-held targets below that mark as redistricting is finalized. Where midterm waves hit Immediately following Republicans’ strong showings in the New Jersey and Virginia gubernatorial races last November, House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R, CA-23) suggested that the results indicated that any district where Joe Biden won by 16 points or less would be competitive this year. He was referring to the margin Biden won in New Jersey in 2020, 57%-41%; a year later, Gov. Phil Murphy (D-NJ) won by just a little more than 3 points. If this midterm looks like the previous 4, it may be that McCarthy wasn’t dramatically overstating things — not necessarily because Republicans will carry all those seats,

Kyle Kondik

Notes on the State of Politics: May 11, 2022

Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. — The Editors New York: No map, but 2 special elections The last few months have not been especially kind to Gov. Kathy Hochul (D-NY). Shortly after she was elevated to replace her predecessor, now-former Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D), last year, she appointed then-state Sen. Brian Benjamin to her old post as lieutenant governor. The pairing seemed like it could be formidable: Hochul is from Buffalo and seems firmly within the mainstream of her party, while Benjamin, who was set to be her running mate, is a Black progressive from New York City. As it turned out, though, Benjamin entered the lieutenant governor’s office with some ethical baggage. Last month, he resigned after a 5-count indictment alleging that he essentially traded public money for campaign contributions. Another recent setback for Hochul was that, on April 27, the Democratic gerrymander of the state’s congressional map — which she signed off on — was thrown out by the New York Court of Appeals (the state’s highest court). The now-void plan insulated the state’s more vulnerable Democratic members and imperiled several Republican-held seats, with the

J. Miles Coleman

Notes on the State of Politics: May 5, 2022

Dear Readers: We’re pleased to feature 3 items today from our Spring 2022 Crystal Ball interns: Sarah Pharr, Aviaé Gibson, and Alex Kellum. They write, respectively, on trends in youth voter turnout; the voter disenfranchisement of convicted felons; and the roots of the civility crisis in Congress. We thank them for their help this semester in working on the Crystal Ball. — The Editors Youth voter turnout and the 2022 midterm With control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate on the line in the upcoming midterm elections, the energy and turnout of young voters could have a decisive impact on the outcome of several key congressional races this election season. Democrats owe a good deal of their success in the 2018 congressional and 2020 presidential elections to the jump in voter turnout, especially among young voters. In the 2020 presidential election, about half of eligible voters younger than 30 cast ballots, constituting an 11-point increase from their 39% turnout rate in 2016, according to the Tufts University Tisch College Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE). Younger voters are generally more Democratic than older voters. Map 1, reprinted from CIRCLE, shows its analysis

Sarah Pharr, Aviaé Gibson, and Alex Kellum