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2022 Senate

Sabato's Crystal Ball

The 2022 Ad Wars

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — To get a flavor of the 2022 ad messages from both sides, we watched nearly 350 campaign ads that came out in the second half of September. — Abortion dominates Democratic messaging, while Republicans are much less likely to mention it. Crime has become a huge focus for Republicans, with Democrats trying to inoculate themselves by featuring law enforcement officers in their ads. — Joe Biden and Nancy Pelosi are frequently cited in Republican attack ads, but other politicians make cameos in ads not directly related to their states/districts. How the ads frame 2022 The next time you, dear reader, and your family decide to sit down for a movie night, just consider this: A typical movie might be about 2 hours long. That’s 120 minutes. So in the time it takes you to watch, say, the first modern Spider-Man movie, (almost exactly 2 hours long), you all could instead watch — get this — 240 separate 30-second political ads! Sounds appealing, right? OK, guess not. But because we want our readers to be on top of what’s going on in the campaigns, and because we are curious about what the various campaigns and

Kyle Kondik

Lessons from the Past: What 1978 and 1982 Tell Us About 2022

Dear Readers: Tomorrow (Friday, Sept. 23) from noon to 1:30 p.m., the Center for Politics will honor the service of U.S. Capitol Police Officers and D.C. Metropolitan Police Officers who defended the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 with the presentation of the Center’s first annual “Defender of Democracy” awards. This year’s inaugural award recipients will be Private First Class Harry A. Dunn, Officer Caroline Edwards, Officer Michael Fanone, Sergeant Aquilino Gonell, Private First Class Eugene Goodman, Officer Daniel Hodges, Private First Class Howard Liebengood (posthumously), Officer Jeffrey Smith (posthumously) and Private First Class Brian Sicknick (posthumously). An awards ceremony will take place in the Rotunda Dome Room at 12 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 23. Following the ceremony, the officers and widows of the fallen officers will participate in a special panel discussion about the events of Jan. 6, 2021. Doors open at 11:45 a.m. The event is free and open to the public with advanced registration (limited seating remains). The event will also be livestreamed here. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Indications in recent months have pointed to a somewhat mixed midterm result, as opposed to an out-and-out Republican wave, which appeared likelier several months

Kyle Kondik

The Seats-in-Trouble Forecasts of the 2022 Midterm Congressional Elections

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — This article updates and applies the seats-in-trouble congressional election forecasting equations to the 2022 midterm elections. — The goal is to use micro level (congressional district and state) competitiveness assessments in combination with their electoral history to statistically generate an accurate prediction of the election’s national outcome. — The seats-in-trouble forecasts for the 2022 midterms are losses for the Democrats of 42 seats in the House of Representatives and 1 seat in the Senate. The seats-in-trouble forecasts With Americans bitterly polarized, the parties within a few seats of each other in the House, and the Senate evenly split, the 2022 midterm election is already one of the most contentious in American history. Across the ideological spectrum, Americans nervously await November’s collective verdict. This article attempts to provide some insight into what that verdict will be with the hope that it can be anticipated and more calmly accepted. Okay, you are right, that is not going to happen — but we can hope. The basis for insight into the midterm is the seats-in-trouble congressional forecasting equations, a pair of hybrid statistical models predicting national party seat change in House and Senate elections. They are “hybrid”

James E. Campbell

Forecasting 2022 Using the Fundamentals: The Structural and Structure X Models

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — A congressional forecasting model using political and economic fundamentals suggests that Republicans are favored to flip both the House and the Senate. — A modified version of the model that also incorporates expert analysis also suggests that Republicans are favored in both chambers, but by less than the model that does not incorporate such analysis. Two different 2022 House/Senate models In order to forecast the 2022 congressional elections, we first draw on our structural model, which we have regularly used to generate before-the-fact forecasts in past midterm contests, namely 2018, 2014, and 2010. The model bases itself on political and economic fundamentals and receives formulation in a political economy equation. For the House, it begins with the classic theory of Edward Tufte, who argued midterms stand as a referendum on the president and the incumbent party. Midterm voters are assumed to judge the president’s actions on key economic and key non-economic issues assessed on aggregate-level data. While these models are appearing in the Crystal Ball around Labor Day, the actual predictions (both for this year and previous years) are based on indicators from earlier in the summer, meaning that these projections are made several

Charles Tien and Michael S. Lewis-Beck

Notes on the State of Politics: Sept. 7, 2022

Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes District Old Rating New Rating Mary Peltola (D, AK-AL) Safe Republican Toss-up MI-3 Open (Meijer, R) Toss-up Leans Democratic Kim Schrier (D, WA-8) Toss-up Leans Democratic Table 2: Crystal Ball Gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating MA Open (Baker, R) Likely Democratic Safe Democratic What’s going on in the House? With the football season getting underway and the political season producing some strange outcomes — a Democrat won a House race in Alaska, huh? — we are reminded of the famous clip of Green Bay Packers coach Vince Lombardi: “What the hell’s going on out here?” Rep.-elect Mary Peltola’s (D, AK-AL) victory in Alaska’s ranked-choice special House election, which was finalized last week after an Aug. 16 election, has contributed to a fog of war that has descended over the House battlefield. The basics are still bad for Democrats: President Joe Biden’s (D) approval rating, perhaps the best catch-all of the political environment, is still stuck in the low 40s, albeit after having improved from the

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Senate Rating Changes: Arizona, Pennsylvania to Leans Democratic

Dear Readers: This is our only planned issue of the Crystal Ball this week. We’ll be back following Labor Day. But before the holiday weekend, we have 2 notable rating changes to make in the Senate. In the meantime, make sure you subscribe to our new “Politics is Everything” podcast. In our latest episode, the Crystal Ball’s Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman discuss today’s Senate rating changes. We also spoke to Washington Post columnist E.J. Dionne and Miles Rapoport of the Harvard Kennedy School about their new book, 100% Democracy: The Case for Universal Voting. The podcast is available on all the major podcast platforms. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — We are moving the Senate races in Arizona and Pennsylvania from Toss-up to Leans Democratic on account of candidate weaknesses for Republicans in both states and what appears to be a not-as-bleak environment for Democrats. — The overall race for the Senate remains a Toss-up, with 49 seats at least leaning to each party and a couple of Toss-ups overall, Georgia and Nevada. Table 1: Crystal Ball Senate rating changes Senator Old Rating New Rating Mark Kelly (D-AZ) Toss-up Leans Democratic PA Open (Toomey, R)

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

2022’s (Potential) Split Ticket States

Dear Readers: We all know democracy is in crisis, but what can we do to fix it? Politics Is Everything is a new podcast from the Center for Politics at the University of Virginia hosted by Carah Ong Whaley, Kyle Kondik, and other members of the Center for Politics team. Each week, episodes will include in-depth conversations with practitioners, academics, students, policymakers, and advocates who are applying their knowledge and experience to improving politics and strengthening democracy. We will also share our expertise from Sabato’s Crystal Ball and engage in thoughtful discussions to inspire informed political and civic participation. Subscribe to Politics Is Everything on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, or Stitcher. New episodes include a conversation with Bulwark writer and MSNBC analyst Tim Miller about his new book, Why We Did It, and a discussion with the Crystal Ball’s J. Miles Coleman about today’s article, which documents the history of ticket splitting in midterm Senate and gubernatorial races and ponders which states might produce split outcomes this year. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Over the past several midterms, the number of states splitting their ticket between Senate and gubernatorial races has gone down. — Still, using

J. Miles Coleman

Notes on the State of Politics: August 24, 2022

  Dear Readers: This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. We are making a few rating changes today, including in a pair of upstate New York House races after Democrats scored an impressive victory in a closely-watched swing district special election, NY-19. — The Editors Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes Member Old Rating New Rating Pat Ryan (D, NY-18) Toss-up Leans Democratic NY-19 Open (No inc.) Leans Republican Toss-up Table 2: Crystal Ball Senate rating change Senator Old Rating New Rating OH Open (Portman, R) Likely Republican Leans Republican Rating changes in New York following specials Democrats turned in another pair of congressional special election overperformances last night, giving them an at least somewhat surprising victory in the closely-watched NY-19 special and a decent showing in the much sleepier NY-23 special, which Republicans held by a smaller margin than the GOP presidential showing in the district in 2020. In NY-19, a classic swing district that Joe Biden won by about 1.5 points in 2020, Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan (D) beat Dutchess County Executive Marc Molinaro (R) by a small margin. Some sites were reporting 51%-49%

Kyle Kondik

Reassessing the Race for the Senate

Dear Readers: Today through Tuesday, we’re celebrating the 70th birthday of Center for Politics Director and Founder Larry Sabato. A community of donors and friends of the Center have committed to match every gift raised for the UVA Center for Politics in his honor up to $25,000. We invite you to check out our video tribute to Larry and learn more about the Center’s ongoing work to strengthen American democracy and build a more informed electorate. Donors have made it possible for us to keep the Crystal Ball free for more than two decades now, and we welcome your support. P.S.: If you have a mustache (real, or otherwise), we invite you to share a #Sabato70th photo on Twitter, and remind your friends and family that, despite it all, Politics is a Good Thing. — The Editors KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — In an election where Republicans are banking on the environment while Democrats are banking on differences in candidate quality, Republicans are relying on a very inexperienced group of candidates. — Compared to 2014, the last time Republicans flipped the Senate, the party’s non-incumbent candidates are incredibly green. — Democrats, meanwhile, are running a number of incumbents and current

Kyle Kondik

Politics in the Post-Roe World

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The president’s party often struggles in midterms, although extraordinary circumstances can save them from losses. The Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe vs. Wade could be 2022’s extraordinary circumstance. — Beyond abortion, Republicans still retain powerful political advantages. — Democrats could get their version of 2018’s “Kavanaugh Effect.” — 2022 won’t definitively resolve the abortion question. The midterm after Dobbs The ordinary outcome in midterm elections is that the president’s party loses ground, almost always in the House and often in the Senate and the statehouses as well. Of the 40 midterms held since the Civil War, the president’s party has lost ground in the House in 37 of them. The 3 exceptions show that in order to buck the ordinary midterm trend, the president’s party needs to benefit from some sort of extraordinary occurrence. In 1934, Franklin Roosevelt’s immense popularity as he fought the Great Depression helped Democrats make a small gain in the House and a big gain in the Senate. In 1998, a roaring economy contributed to Bill Clinton’s popularity, and Republicans likely overplayed their hand on their pursuit of Clinton’s impeachment over the fallout around his affair with a White House

Kyle Kondik

Notes on the State of the Primaries: June 15, 2022

Dear Readers: Tuesday night saw primaries in 4 states, as well as a closely-watched (but lightly-voted) U.S. House special election in Texas. In the aftermath of these contests, we’re making 4 rating changes, although 2 of them are in states that didn’t have elections on Tuesday. This is the latest edition of Notes on the State of Politics, which features short updates on elections and politics. — The Editors P.S. We’re pleased to announce that our recent student-produced documentary focusing on how to navigate contrasting political views, Common Grounds?, was just nominated for an Emmy Award. For more on the recognition and to watch the film, see this recent story in UVA Today. Table 1: Crystal Ball House rating changes Member/District Old Rating New Rating TX-15 Open (No inc.) Leans Republican Likely Republican TX-34 (Gonzalez/Flores) Likely Democratic Leans Democratic Table 2: Crystal Ball Senate rating change Senator Old Rating New Rating Mike Lee (R-UT) Safe Republican Likely Republican Table 3: Crystal Ball gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating Phil Scott (R-VT) Likely Republican Safe Republican GOP flip in TX-34 sparks South Texas rating changes Republicans flipped a U.S. House seat on Tuesday in Hispanic-heavy South Texas, winning TX-34,

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Rating Change: Ohio Gubernatorial Race to Safe Republican

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — The Ohio gubernatorial race moves from Likely Republican to Safe Republican. — A close poll does not mean the Ohio Senate race is a Toss-up. Table 1: Crystal Ball gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating Mike DeWine (R-OH) Likely Republican Safe Republican Checking in on Ohio a month after the primary While Ohio’s strong shift right in presidential elections is recent, the dominance of the GOP in state-level races is not. In addition to holding the state Senate since the 1984 election and the state House for all but 2 years since the 1994 election, Republicans have now held the governorship for 28 of the last 32 years. We feel very confident that the GOP is going to extend that streak to 32 of 36 years, and we are moving that race from Likely Republican to Safe Republican. Gov. Mike DeWine (R-OH), whose career in elective politics stretches back to the 1970s, is seeking a second term this year against former Dayton Mayor Nan Whaley (D). We came close to moving this race a month ago, in the aftermath of the Ohio primary, but we held off because DeWine only won his

Kyle Kondik

The Outlook for the 2022 Senate Elections: A State-by-State Analysis

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Senate elections have become firmly yoked to their state’s presidential leanings. — Democrats now hold a tiny Senate majority in large part because of their superior performance in otherwise Republican-leaning states, a performance they may find difficult to sustain because of deepening partisan polarization. — Based on the fundamentals of state partisanship, incumbency, and the national political environment, Republicans have a good chance to pick up at least a seat and take back control of the upper chamber. But poor candidates could hurt their chances, as they have in some other recent Senate races. What the last decade’s Senate results tell us about 2022 In a previous article in the Crystal Ball, I examined the outlook for the 2022 House and Senate elections at the national level based on the generic ballot forecasting model. With Republicans enjoying a consistent lead of 2-3 points on the generic ballot according to the FiveThirtyEight polling average, the results indicated that the GOP was very likely to gain enough seats in November to take control of the House of Representatives. In the case of the Senate, however, the results indicated that the outcome was likelier to be close

Alan I. Abramowitz

Rating Change: GA-GOV to Leans Republican Following Kemp’s Smashing Primary Win

KEY POINTS FROM THIS ARTICLE — Gov. Brian Kemp (R-GA) shellacked Donald Trump-backed former Sen. David Perdue (R-GA) in the Georgia Republican primary on Tuesday, and we are moving the general election race from Toss-up to Leans Republican. — The sheer size of Kemp’s win paired with Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger’s (R-GA) renomination represents the biggest Republican electoral rebuke to Trump since he left the White House. — Blue Dog Rep. Henry Cuellar (D, TX-28) held a tiny lead over progressive Jessica Cisneros (D) in a closely-watched South Texas runoff. Table 1: Crystal Ball gubernatorial rating change Governor Old Rating New Rating Brian Kemp (R-GA) Toss-up Leans Republican Trump rebuked in Georgia Asked about his weak polling in advance of his primary challenge to Gov. Brian Kemp (R-GA), former Sen. David Perdue (R-GA) said that he might lose, “but I can damn guarantee you that we are not down 30 points.” Quite right. He was down by a lot more than that. Kemp crushed Perdue 74%-22% in the Georgia gubernatorial primary on Tuesday night. The incumbent actually did better in this primary (73.7%) than he did in his 2018 Republican primary runoff (69.5%), meaning he did better with former

Kyle Kondik and J. Miles Coleman

Notes on the State of Politics: May 5, 2022

Dear Readers: We’re pleased to feature 3 items today from our Spring 2022 Crystal Ball interns: Sarah Pharr, Aviaé Gibson, and Alex Kellum. They write, respectively, on trends in youth voter turnout; the voter disenfranchisement of convicted felons; and the roots of the civility crisis in Congress. We thank them for their help this semester in working on the Crystal Ball. — The Editors Youth voter turnout and the 2022 midterm With control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate on the line in the upcoming midterm elections, the energy and turnout of young voters could have a decisive impact on the outcome of several key congressional races this election season. Democrats owe a good deal of their success in the 2018 congressional and 2020 presidential elections to the jump in voter turnout, especially among young voters. In the 2020 presidential election, about half of eligible voters younger than 30 cast ballots, constituting an 11-point increase from their 39% turnout rate in 2016, according to the Tufts University Tisch College Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE). Younger voters are generally more Democratic than older voters. Map 1, reprinted from CIRCLE, shows its analysis

Sarah Pharr, Aviaé Gibson, and Alex Kellum